/* =============================================
   IJIRT Animated Stylesheet — Unique CSS FX
   ============================================= */

:root {
  --primary: #1a7abf;
  --primary-dark: #135e96;
  --primary-light: #e8f4fd;
  --accent: #2eaae0;
  --teal: #0db8b8;
  --gold: #f0a500;
  --text-dark: #1a2535;
  --text-body: #444c5a;
  --text-muted: #6b7a8d;
  --white: #ffffff;
  --bg-light: #f4f8fc;
  --bg-mid: #eaf4fb;
  --border: #d0e4f5;
  --font-heading: 'Merriweather', Georgia, serif;
  --font-body: 'Source Sans 3', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
  --shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(26,122,191,0.10);
  --shadow-lg: 0 8px 40px rgba(26,122,191,0.16);
  --radius: 10px;
  --radius-lg: 18px;
}


/* =============================================
   KEYFRAME ANIMATIONS
   ============================================= */

@keyframes heroBgMorph {
  0%   { background-position: 0% 50%; }
  50%  { background-position: 100% 50%; }
  100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
}
@keyframes floatOrb {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0) scale(1); opacity: 0.18; }
  50%       { transform: translateY(-40px) scale(1.12); opacity: 0.28; }
}
@keyframes floatOrb2 {
  0%, 100% { transform: translate(0,0); }
  33%       { transform: translate(20px,-30px); }
  66%       { transform: translate(-15px,15px); }
}
@keyframes heroImgFloat {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); }
  50%       { transform: translateY(-14px) rotate(0.5deg); }
}
@keyframes slideUp {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(40px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
@keyframes fadeIn {
  from { opacity: 0; }
  to   { opacity: 1; }
}
@keyframes badgePop {
  0%   { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.6) rotate(-8deg); }
  70%  { transform: scale(1.12) rotate(2deg); }
  100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) rotate(0deg); }
}
@keyframes shimmer {
  0%   { left: -60%; }
  100% { left: 120%; }
}
@keyframes lineGrow {
  from { width: 0; opacity: 0; }
  to   { width: 44px; opacity: 1; }
}
@keyframes pulseRing {
  0%   { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(26,122,191,0.45); }
  70%  { box-shadow: 0 0 0 12px rgba(26,122,191,0); }
  100% { box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(26,122,191,0); }
}
@keyframes tickerScroll {
  0%   { transform: translateX(0); }
  100% { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}
@keyframes statPop {
  0%   { opacity: 0; transform: scale(0.7) translateY(20px); }
  60%  { transform: scale(1.08) translateY(-4px); }
  100% { opacity: 1; transform: scale(1) translateY(0); }
}
@keyframes cardGlow {
  0%, 100% { box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(26,122,191,0.08); }
  50%       { box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(26,122,191,0.20); }
}
@keyframes spinSlow {
  from { transform: rotate(0deg); }
  to   { transform: rotate(360deg); }
}
@keyframes partnerFloat {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
  50%       { transform: translateY(-7px); }
}
@keyframes stepWave {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(50px) scale(0.9); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
}
@keyframes waBounce {
  0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); }
  20%       { transform: scale(1.2); }
  40%       { transform: scale(0.92); }
  60%       { transform: scale(1.1); }
  80%       { transform: scale(0.96); }
}
@keyframes gradientFlow {
  0%   { background-position: 0% 50%; }
  50%  { background-position: 100% 50%; }
  100% { background-position: 0% 50%; }
}
@keyframes revealLeft {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-50px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}
@keyframes faqSlide {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-16px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
}
@keyframes navSlideDown {
  from { transform: translateY(-100%); opacity: 0; }
  to   { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 1; }
}
@keyframes borderSpin {
  from { transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(0deg); }
  to   { transform: translateX(-50%) rotate(360deg); }
}
@keyframes dotPulse {
  0%, 100% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 0.6; }
  50%       { transform: scale(1.5); opacity: 1; }
}

/* =============================================
   BASE
   ============================================= */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  color: var(--text-body);
  background: var(--white);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { font-family: var(--font-heading); color: var(--text-dark); font-weight: 700; }
a { text-decoration: none; color: inherit; transition: color 0.2s; }
a:hover { color: var(--primary); }
img { max-width: 100%; }

/* =============================================
   SCROLL-REVEAL
   ============================================= */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(40px);
  transition: opacity 0.7s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.46,1), transform 0.7s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.46,1);
}
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.reveal-left  { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(-50px); transition: opacity 0.7s ease, transform 0.7s ease; }
.reveal-right { opacity: 0; transform: translateX(50px);  transition: opacity 0.7s ease, transform 0.7s ease; }
.reveal-left.visible, .reveal-right.visible { opacity: 1; transform: translateX(0); }
.delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.1s !important; }
.delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.2s !important; }
.delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.3s !important; }
.delay-4 { transition-delay: 0.4s !important; }
.delay-5 { transition-delay: 0.5s !important; }
.delay-6 { transition-delay: 0.6s !important; }

/* =============================================
   TOP BAR
   ============================================= */
.top-bar {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #0a3d5c, #0e5a8a, #0a3d5c);
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: gradientFlow 8s ease infinite;
  color: #cce8f8;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  padding: 7px 20px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1001;
}
.top-bar i { color: #7dd3f8; }

.top-btn {
  background: var(--primary);
  color: #fff !important;
  border: none;
  padding: 5px 14px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  transition: background 0.25s, transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.25s;
  white-space: nowrap;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.top-btn::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -50%; left: -60%;
  width: 35%; height: 200%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  transform: skewX(-20deg);
  animation: shimmer 3s infinite;
}
.top-btn:hover { background: var(--accent); transform: translateY(-2px); box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(46,170,224,0.5); }
.top-btn-dark { background: #093d60; }
.top-btn-dark:hover { background: #0b5080; }

/* =============================================
   NAVBAR
   ============================================= */
/* Powered By Section */
.powered-by {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.powered-text {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    position: absolute;
    color: #6b7280;
    margin-left: 19%;
    margin-bottom: 60px;
    align-items: inherit;
}

.powered-logo {
  height: 70px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* Main Logo */
.logo-img {
  height: 48px;
  width: auto;
}

.offcanvas .dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
}

.offcanvas .dropdown-menu.show {
    display: block;
}

   
.main-nav {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.97);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(26,122,191,0.08);
  padding: 6px 20px;
  z-index: 999;
  animation: navSlideDown 0.6s ease both;
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
}
.main-nav.scrolled { box-shadow: 0 4px 30px rgba(26,122,191,0.15); }

.brand-text {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary), var(--teal), var(--primary));
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
  animation: gradientFlow 4s ease infinite;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.main-nav .nav-link {
  color: var(--text-dark) !important;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  padding: 8px 12px !important;
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s, transform 0.15s;
  position: relative;
}
.main-nav .nav-link::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 3px; left: 50%; right: 50%;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--primary);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transition: left 0.25s, right 0.25s;
}
.main-nav .nav-link:hover::after { left: 14%; right: 14%; }
.main-nav .nav-link:hover {
  background: var(--primary-light);
  color: var(--primary) !important;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.main-nav .dropdown-menu {
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(26,122,191,0.15);
  padding: 8px 0;
  animation: slideUp 0.22s ease both;
}
.main-nav .dropdown-item { font-size: 0.9rem; padding: 8px 20px; transition: background 0.15s, padding-left 0.15s; }
.main-nav .dropdown-item:hover { background: var(--primary-light); color: var(--primary); padding-left: 28px; }

.submit-btn {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--accent));
  color: #fff !important;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding: 10px 22px;
  border: none;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.25s;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.submit-btn::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -50%; left: -60%;
  width: 35%; height: 200%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  transform: skewX(-20deg);
  animation: shimmer 2.6s infinite;
}
.submit-btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.04);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(26,122,191,0.45);
  color: #fff !important;
}
.submit-btn:active { transform: scale(0.97); }

/* =============================================
   HERO SECTION
   ============================================= */
.hero-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #e0f2ff, #c8e8fa, #d8f0ff, #b8e0f8);
  background-size: 300% 300%;
  animation: heroBgMorph 12s ease infinite;
  min-height: 540px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 60px 40px 110px 60px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}
.hero-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -120px; right: -100px;
  width: 520px; height: 520px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(46,170,224,0.18) 0%, transparent 65%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: floatOrb 8s ease-in-out infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-section::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: -80px; left: -60px;
  width: 380px; height: 380px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(13,184,184,0.13) 0%, transparent 65%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: floatOrb2 10s ease-in-out infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* Floating dots */
.hero-dot {
  position: absolute;
  border-radius: 50%;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-dot-1 { width:10px; height:10px; background:rgba(26,122,191,0.25); top:15%; left:30%; animation: dotPulse 2s ease-in-out 0s infinite; }
.hero-dot-2 { width:6px; height:6px; background:rgba(13,184,184,0.3); top:60%; left:20%; animation: dotPulse 2s ease-in-out 0.4s infinite; }
.hero-dot-3 { width:8px; height:8px; background:rgba(46,170,224,0.22); top:30%; right:35%; animation: dotPulse 2s ease-in-out 0.8s infinite; }
.hero-dot-4 { width:5px; height:5px; background:rgba(26,122,191,0.3); bottom:30%; right:25%; animation: dotPulse 2s ease-in-out 1.2s infinite; }

.hero-content { position: relative; z-index: 2; padding: 30px 0; }

.estd-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--primary);
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 5px 18px;
  border-radius: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(26,122,191,0.15);
  animation: badgePop 0.7s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1) 0.2s both;
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: 2.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  line-height: 1.3;
  max-width: 640px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  animation: slideUp 0.8s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.46,1) 0.35s both;
}

.hero-sub {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--text-body);
  max-width: 560px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  animation: slideUp 0.8s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.46,1) 0.5s both;
}

.hero-btns { animation: slideUp 0.8s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.46,1) 0.65s both; }

.hero-btn-primary {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--accent));
  color: #fff !important;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 13px 30px;
  border: none;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.25s;
  animation: pulseRing 2.5s ease 1.8s infinite;
}
.hero-btn-primary::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -50%; left: -60%;
  width: 35%; height: 200%;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
  transform: skewX(-20deg);
  animation: shimmer 2.8s infinite;
}
.hero-btn-primary:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px) scale(1.04);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(26,122,191,0.5);
  color: #fff !important;
}

.hero-btn-outline {
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--primary) !important;
  border: 2px solid var(--primary);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 13px 30px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: color 0.3s, transform 0.2s;
}
.hero-btn-outline::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: var(--primary);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: right;
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  z-index: 0;
}
.hero-btn-outline > * { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero-btn-outline:hover::before { transform: scaleX(1); transform-origin: left; }
.hero-btn-outline:hover { color: #fff !important; transform: translateY(-3px); }

.hero-img-col { position: relative; z-index: 1; }
.hero-img-col::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -24px; right: -24px;
  width: 130px; height: 130px;
  border: 2px dashed rgba(26,122,191,0.22);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spinSlow 14s linear infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-img-col::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 10px; left: -16px;
  width: 64px; height: 64px;
  background: rgba(13,184,184,0.13);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: floatOrb 5s ease-in-out 1s infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.hero-img {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 500px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  object-fit: cover;
  box-shadow: 0 20px 60px rgba(26,122,191,0.2);
  height: 400px;
  border: 4px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.8);
  animation: heroImgFloat 5s ease-in-out infinite, fadeIn 1s ease 0.4s both;
}

/* Ticker */
.latest-bar {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  background: rgba(10,22,40,0.92);
  color: #cce8f8;
  padding: 10px 0;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  overflow: hidden;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.ticker-track { display: inline-block; animation: tickerScroll 22s linear infinite; }
.ticker-icon { color: #7dd3f8; margin: 0 16px; }

/* =============================================
   STATS SECTION
   ============================================= */
.stats-section { background: var(--white); }

.stat-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 28px 20px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), box-shadow 0.3s;
  animation: cardGlow 4s ease infinite;
}
.stat-card::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary), var(--teal), var(--accent));
  background-size: 200% 100%;
  animation: gradientFlow 3s ease infinite;
}
.stat-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.03);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(26,122,191,0.18);
}
.stat-num {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 2.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--teal));
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}
.stat-label { font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--text-muted); font-weight: 600; margin-top: 4px; }

/* =============================================
   SECTION TITLES & SHARED
   ============================================= */
.section-title { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.65rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark); line-height: 1.35; }
.section-sub { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.2rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark); }

.title-line {
  height: 3px;
  width: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary), var(--teal));
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin-top: 10px;
  animation: lineGrow 0.9s ease 0.3s forwards;
}

.link-accent { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600; position: relative; }
.link-accent::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; bottom: -2px;
  width: 0; height: 1.5px;
  background: var(--primary);
  transition: width 0.25s;
}
.link-accent:hover::after { width: 100%; }
.link-accent:hover { color: var(--primary-dark); }

/* =============================================
   CONFERENCE
   ============================================= */
.conference-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-mid) 0%, var(--primary-light) 100%);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.conference-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  top: -70px; right: -70px;
  width: 260px; height: 260px;
  border: 50px solid rgba(26,122,191,0.05);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spinSlow 22s linear infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* =============================================
   INDEXING PARTNERS
   ============================================= */
.indexing-section { background: var(--white); }

.partner-logo {
  background: var(--bg-light);
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 18px 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--text-dark);
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  transition: box-shadow 0.25s, border-color 0.3s, transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), color 0.2s, background 0.2s;
}
.partner-logo:hover {
  box-shadow: 0 10px 32px rgba(26,122,191,0.18);
  border-color: var(--primary);
  color: var(--primary);
  transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.06);
  background: var(--primary-light);
}
.col-6:nth-child(1) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 0s infinite; }
.col-6:nth-child(2) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 0.3s infinite; }
.col-6:nth-child(3) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 0.6s infinite; }
.col-6:nth-child(4) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 0.9s infinite; }
.col-6:nth-child(5) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 1.2s infinite; }
.col-6:nth-child(6) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 1.5s infinite; }
.col-6:nth-child(7) .partner-logo { animation: partnerFloat 3.2s ease 1.8s infinite; }

/* =============================================
   ABOUT
   ============================================= */
.about-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-light), #e4f5ff);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.about-img-wrap { position: relative; display: inline-block; }
.about-img-wrap::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: -10px;
  border: 2px dashed rgba(26,122,191,0.2);
  border-radius: calc(var(--radius-lg) + 10px);
  animation: spinSlow 20s linear infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.about-img {
  width: 100%; max-width: 460px;
  border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  object-fit: cover; height: 320px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); display: block;
  transition: transform 0.5s ease, box-shadow 0.4s;
}
.about-img:hover {
  transform: scale(1.04) rotate(1deg);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 64px rgba(26,122,191,0.22);
}
.published-badge {
  position: absolute;
  top: -20px; right: -20px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--teal));
  color: #fff;
  border-radius: 50%;
  width: 90px; height: 90px;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  animation: badgePop 0.8s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1) 0.5s both, pulseRing 3s ease 2s infinite;
}
.badge-num { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1.3rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1; }
.badge-text { font-size: 0.68rem; text-align: center; line-height: 1.2; }
.about-text { font-size: 0.97rem; color: var(--text-body); }
.about-badge {
  background: var(--white); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 10px 16px; font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600;
  box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(26,122,191,0.08);
  transition: transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), box-shadow 0.2s;
}
.about-badge:hover { transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.03); box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(26,122,191,0.16); }

/* =============================================
   CALL FOR PAPERS
   ============================================= */
.callpaper-section { background: var(--white); }

.paper-table-wrap {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(26,122,191,0.06);
}
.paper-table { margin-bottom: 0; font-size: 0.92rem; }
.paper-table td { padding: 13px 18px; vertical-align: middle; transition: background 0.2s; }
.paper-table td:first-child {
  background: var(--bg-light); font-weight: 600; color: var(--text-dark); width: 38%;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.paper-table tr:hover td { background: var(--primary-light); }
.paper-table tr:hover td:first-child { color: var(--primary); }

.step-card {
  background: var(--white); border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px 14px; position: relative; overflow: hidden; text-align: center;
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), box-shadow 0.3s, border-color 0.3s;
}
.step-card::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 0; height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary), var(--teal));
  transition: width 0.4s ease;
}
.step-card:hover { transform: translateY(-8px); box-shadow: 0 16px 44px rgba(26,122,191,0.16); border-color: var(--primary); }
.step-card:hover::after { width: 100%; }
.step-icon { font-size: 1.9rem; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 10px; display: block; transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1); }
.step-card:hover .step-icon { transform: scale(1.3) rotate(12deg); color: var(--teal); }
.step-title { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 0.9rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.step-text { font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin: 0; }

.sidebar-card {
  background: var(--bg-light); border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg); padding: 22px;
  transition: box-shadow 0.25s;
}
.sidebar-card:hover { box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(26,122,191,0.1); }
.sidebar-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 1rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--primary-dark);
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border); padding-bottom: 8px; margin-bottom: 14px; position: relative;
}
.sidebar-title::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: -2px; left: 0;
  width: 28px; height: 2px; background: var(--primary); border-radius: 2px;
  animation: lineGrow 0.6s ease 0.4s both;
}
.sidebar-text { font-size: 0.88rem; color: var(--text-body); }
.sidebar-badge {
  background: var(--primary-light); border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px;
  padding: 8px 12px; font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600;
  transition: background 0.25s, color 0.25s, transform 0.2s;
}
.sidebar-badge:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; transform: scale(1.03); }
.pub-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.pub-list li { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); padding: 9px 0; font-size: 0.85rem; transition: padding-left 0.2s; }
.pub-list li:hover { padding-left: 8px; }
.pub-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.pub-list a { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 600; }
.pub-list a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.archive-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.archive-list li { padding: 7px 0; font-size: 0.85rem; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--border); transition: padding-left 0.2s; }
.archive-list li:hover { padding-left: 8px; }
.archive-list a { color: var(--text-body); }
.archive-list a:hover { color: var(--primary); }

/* =============================================
   WHY PUBLISH
   ============================================= */
.why-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-mid), #ddf0ff);
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.why-section::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; top: 50%; left: -80px; transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 280px; height: 280px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(46,170,224,0.09) 0%, transparent 70%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: floatOrb 9s ease-in-out infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.why-point {
  font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--text-body); font-weight: 600; padding: 7px 10px;
  border-radius: 6px; transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.2s, color 0.2s; cursor: default;
}
.why-point:hover { background: var(--white); transform: translateX(8px); color: var(--primary); }
.why-point i { color: var(--primary); transition: transform 0.35s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1); }
.why-point:hover i { transform: scale(1.5) rotate(12deg); }
.why-img {
  width: 100%; height: 360px; object-fit: cover;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  transition: transform 0.5s, box-shadow 0.4s;
}
.why-img:hover { transform: scale(1.04); box-shadow: 0 24px 64px rgba(26,122,191,0.22); }

/* =============================================
   IPN
   ============================================= */
.ipn-section {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff, var(--bg-light));
  position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.ipn-section::after {
  content: '';
  position: absolute; bottom: -100px; right: -80px;
  width: 320px; height: 320px;
  border: 55px solid rgba(13,184,184,0.05);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: spinSlow 28s linear infinite reverse;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.ipn-sub { color: var(--text-muted); max-width: 680px; margin: 0 auto; font-size: 1rem; }
.ipn-step {
  background: var(--white); border: 1.5px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
  padding: 30px 14px 22px; text-align: center; position: relative;
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s, transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), border-color 0.3s;
   /*transform: translateY(50px);*/
}
.ipn-step.animated { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); transition: opacity 0.6s ease, transform 0.6s cubic-bezier(.22,.8,.46,1), box-shadow 0.3s, border-color 0.3s; }
.ipn-step:hover { box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(26,122,191,0.2); transform: translateY(-10px) scale(1.04); border-color: var(--primary); }
.ipn-num {
  position: absolute; top: -15px; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--teal));
  color: #fff; width: 32px; height: 32px; border-radius: 50%;
  font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 700; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  box-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(26,122,191,0.4);
  animation: pulseRing 2.5s ease infinite;
}
.ipn-icon { font-size: 2.2rem; color: var(--primary); margin-bottom: 12px; transition: color 0.2s, transform 0.3s; }
.ipn-step:hover .ipn-icon { color: var(--teal); transform: scale(1.2) rotate(8deg); }
.ipn-title { font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 700; color: var(--text-dark); margin-bottom: 8px; }
.ipn-text { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--text-muted); margin: 0; }

/* =============================================
   FAQ
   ============================================= */
.faq-section { background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-light), #e8f5ff); }
.faq-sub { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 1.05rem; }
.faq-item {
  border: 1.5px solid var(--border) !important;
  border-radius: var(--radius) !important;
  margin-bottom: 14px; overflow: hidden;
  transition: box-shadow 0.3s, transform 0.2s;
}
.faq-item:hover { box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(26,122,191,0.12); transform: translateX(5px); }
.faq-btn {
  background: var(--white) !important; color: var(--text-dark) !important;
  font-family: var(--font-body); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.98rem; padding: 18px 22px;
  border: none; box-shadow: none !important; transition: background 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}
.faq-btn:not(.collapsed) {
  background: var(--primary-light) !important; color: var(--primary) !important;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--primary);
}
.faq-btn::after { filter: none; }
.faq-btn:not(.collapsed)::after { filter: invert(36%) sepia(80%) saturate(1000%) hue-rotate(185deg); }
.faq-body {
  background: var(--white); padding: 16px 22px; font-size: 0.94rem; color: var(--text-body);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* =============================================
   FOOTER
   ============================================= */
.site-footer {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #07141f, #0d2135, #081726);
  color: #b5cfe8; position: relative; overflow: hidden;
}
.site-footer::before {
  content: ''; position: absolute; top: -120px; right: -100px;
  width: 440px; height: 440px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(26,122,191,0.07) 0%, transparent 65%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  animation: floatOrb 12s ease-in-out infinite;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.footer-brand {
  font-family: var(--font-heading); font-size: 2rem; font-weight: 700;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #fff, var(--accent), var(--teal), #fff);
  background-size: 300% 100%;
  -webkit-background-clip: text; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; background-clip: text;
  animation: gradientFlow 5s ease infinite;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.footer-about { font-size: 0.9rem; color: #8ab3ce; line-height: 1.65; }
.social-link {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  width: 38px; height: 38px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.07); border-radius: 50%; color: #b5cfe8; font-size: 0.9rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  transition: background 0.25s, color 0.25s, transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), border-color 0.25s;
}
.social-link:hover { background: var(--primary); color: #fff; transform: translateY(-6px) scale(1.15); border-color: var(--primary); }
.footer-heading {
  color: #fff; font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 0.98rem; font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em; text-transform: uppercase; margin-bottom: 16px; padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1); position: relative;
}
.footer-heading::after {
  content: ''; position: absolute; bottom: -1px; left: 0;
  width: 28px; height: 2px; background: var(--accent); border-radius: 2px;
}
.footer-links { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.footer-links li { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.footer-links a {
  color: #8ab3ce; font-size: 0.9rem; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 6px;
  transition: color 0.2s, padding-left 0.2s;
}
.footer-links a::before { content: '›'; color: var(--accent); transition: transform 0.2s; }
.footer-links a:hover { color: #fff; padding-left: 6px; }
.footer-links a:hover::before { transform: translateX(4px); }
.footer-contact { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.footer-contact li { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 0.9rem; color: #8ab3ce; transition: color 0.2s; }
.footer-contact li:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer-contact i { color: var(--accent); width: 18px; }
.newsletter-input {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.06) !important; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.14) !important;
  color: #fff !important; border-radius: 6px 0 0 6px !important; font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: background 0.2s, border-color 0.2s !important;
}
.newsletter-input::placeholder { color: #7aa5bf; }
.newsletter-input:focus { background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important; box-shadow: none !important; border-color: var(--accent) !important; }
.footer-hr { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.08); margin: 0; }
.footer-copy { font-size: 0.84rem; color: #6992b0; padding: 18px 0; }
.footer-policy-link { font-size: 0.84rem; color: #6992b0; transition: color 0.2s; }
.footer-policy-link:hover { color: #fff; text-decoration: underline; }

/* =============================================
   WHATSAPP FLOAT
   ============================================= */
.whatsapp-float {
  position: fixed; bottom: 24px; right: 24px;
  background: #25d366; color: #fff;
  width: 54px; height: 54px; border-radius: 50%;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 1.6rem;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(37,211,102,0.5); z-index: 9999;
  animation: waBounce 5s ease 3s infinite;
  transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(.34,1.56,.64,1), box-shadow 0.2s;
}
.whatsapp-float:hover { transform: scale(1.22) rotate(-8deg); box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(37,211,102,0.65); color: #fff; }

/* Scroll-to-top */
.scroll-top {
  position: fixed; bottom: 90px; right: 26px;
  background: var(--primary); color: #fff;
  width: 40px; height: 40px; border-radius: 8px;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; font-size: 1rem;
  z-index: 999; opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px);
  transition: opacity 0.3s, transform 0.3s, background 0.2s;
  cursor: pointer; border: none; box-shadow: 0 4px 16px rgba(26,122,191,0.35);
}
.scroll-top.show { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
.scroll-top:hover { background: var(--primary-dark); transform: translateY(-4px); }

/* =============================================
   RESPONSIVE
   ============================================= */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .hero-section { padding: 40px 24px 90px; }
  .hero-title { font-size: 1.65rem; }
  .published-badge { width: 72px; height: 72px; right: 0; }
  .badge-num { font-size: 1.1rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .hero-title { font-size: 1.35rem; }
  .section-title { font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .stat-num { font-size: 1.7rem; }
  .stat-card { padding: 18px 12px; }
  .hero-section { padding: 30px 16px 80px; }
  .top-bar { font-size: 0.75rem; }
  .top-btn { font-size: 0.72rem; padding: 4px 10px; }
  .hero-img { height: 260px; }
}
@media (max-width: 576px) {
  .ipn-step { padding: 26px 10px 18px; }
  .footer-brand { font-size: 1.5rem; }
}

/* Respect reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}


/*mycss*/

/* ============================================
   RESPONSIVE NAVBAR STYLES
   ============================================ */

/* Top Bar Responsive */
.top-bar-wrapper {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
}

.top-bar-left {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 15px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

.top-bar-right {
  display: flex;
  gap: 10px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.separator {
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.3);
}

/* Logo Styles */
.logo-img {
  height: 70px;
  width: auto;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Desktop Submit Button */
.desktop-submit-btn {
  display: block;
}

.btn-submit {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--accent));
  color: #fff;
  padding: 10px 24px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-submit:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(26,122,191,0.3);
  color: #fff;
}

.btn-submit img {
  width: 18px;
  height: 18px;
  filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
  transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.btn-submit:hover img {
  transform: translateX(4px);
}

/* Mobile Submit Button */
.mobile-submit-btn {
  padding: 15px 20px;
}

/* Navbar Toggle Animation */
.navbar-toggler {
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  position: relative;
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 8px;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.navbar-toggler:focus {
  box-shadow: none;
  outline: none;
}

.toggler-icon {
  display: block;
  width: 24px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--primary);
  margin: 5px auto;
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.navbar-toggler.collapsed .toggler-icon:nth-child(1) {
  transform: rotate(0deg) translateY(0);
}

.navbar-toggler.collapsed .toggler-icon:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 1;
}

.navbar-toggler.collapsed .toggler-icon:nth-child(3) {
  transform: rotate(0deg) translateY(0);
}

.navbar-toggler:not(.collapsed) .toggler-icon:nth-child(1) {
  transform: rotate(45deg) translateY(7px);
}

.navbar-toggler:not(.collapsed) .toggler-icon:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}

.navbar-toggler:not(.collapsed) .toggler-icon:nth-child(3) {
  transform: rotate(-45deg) translateY(-7px);
}

/* Offcanvas Styles */
.offcanvas {
  background: var(--white);
  width: 320px;
  /*box-shadow: -5px 0 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);*/
}

.offcanvas-header {
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
  padding: 1.25rem;
  background: var(--bg-light);
}

.offcanvas-title {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--primary);
  font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.offcanvas-footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  margin-top: auto;
}

.offcanvas .dropdown-menu {
    position: static !important;
    transform: none !important;
    display: none;
}

.offcanvas .dropdown-menu.show {
    display: block;
}

/* Hover Dropdown - Desktop */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .dropdown-hover {
    position: relative;
  }
  
  .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: block;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transform: translateY(10px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    margin-top: 0;
  }
  
  .dropdown-hover:hover .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* Mobile Dropdown Styles */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
  .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu {
    display: none;
    position: static;
    float: none;
    width: auto;
    margin-top: 0;
    background-color: transparent;
    border: 0;
    box-shadow: none;
    padding-left: 20px;
  }
  
  .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu.show {
    display: block;
  }
  
  .dropdown-hover .dropdown-toggle::after {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
  }
  
  .dropdown-hover .dropdown-toggle.show::after {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
  }
  
  .offcanvas-body .navbar-nav .nav-item {
    padding: 5px 0;
  }
  
  .offcanvas-body .dropdown-item {
    padding: 8px 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
  }
}

/* Mega Menu Styles */
.dropdown-mega {
  position: static;
}

.dropdown-mega .dropdown-menu {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 600px;
  padding: 20px;
}

@media (min-width: 1200px) {
  .dropdown-mega .dropdown-menu {
    left: auto;
    right: auto;
    transform: translateX(-20%);
  }
}

.mega-menu {
  padding: 0;
}

.mega-menu-container {
  padding: 0;
}

.mega-menu-list {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}

.mega-menu-list li {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.mega-menu-list .dropdown-item {
  padding: 8px 15px;
  white-space: normal;
}

/* Archive Menu */
.archive-menu {
  max-height: 400px;
  overflow-y: auto;
}

.archive-menu::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 6px;
}

.archive-menu::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: var(--border);
  border-radius: 10px;
}

.archive-menu::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: var(--primary);
  border-radius: 10px;
}

/* Dropdown Items Hover Effect */
.dropdown-item {
  transition: all 0.3s ease;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  padding: 8px 20px;
}

.dropdown-item:hover {
  background-color: var(--primary-light);
  color: var(--primary);
  padding-left: 28px;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .logo-img {
    height: 55px;
  }
  
  .top-bar-left, .top-bar-right {
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
  }
  
  .top-bar-wrapper {
    flex-direction: column;
    text-align: center;
  }
  
  .top-bar-left {
    justify-content: center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .logo-img {
    height: 45px;
  }
  
  .btn-submit {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
  }
  
  .top-bar-left {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    gap: 8px;
  }
  
  .top-btn {
    padding: 4px 12px;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
  }
  
  .offcanvas {
    width: 280px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .logo-img {
    height: 50px;
  }
  
  .top-bar-left span {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
  }
  
  .btn-submit {
    padding: 6px 12px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
  }
}

/* Animation for dropdown */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(10px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.dropdown-menu {
  animation: fadeInUp 0.3s ease;
}

/* Touch-friendly improvements */
@media (hover: none) and (pointer: coarse) {
  .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu {
    opacity: 1 !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    transform: none !important;
  }
  
  .btn-submit, .top-btn, .nav-link {
    cursor: pointer;
    -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
  }
}

/* Accessibility */
.visually-hidden {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  border: 0;
}

/* Focus styles for keyboard navigation */
a:focus-visible, button:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--primary);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* ============================================
   Processing Charges Page Styles
   ============================================ */

.publication_sec {
    padding: 60px 0;
    background: #f8f9fa;
    min-height: calc(100vh - 200px);
}

.publication_sec .left_detail
 {
    padding: 0 40px 0 0;
}

.global_title {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #1a2535;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    font-family: 'Merriweather', Georgia, serif;
}

.submitpaper_info {
    background: #fff;
    padding: 35px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.submitpaper_info h3 {
    margin-top: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    color: var(--primary);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.submitpaper_info p {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--text-body);
}

.submitpaper_info ul {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding-left: 20px;
}

.submitpaper_info li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text-body);
}

.submitpaper_info strong {
    color: var(--primary-dark);
}

.submitpaper_info a {
    color: var(--primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.submitpaper_info a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Sidebar Blocks */
.iu_info {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.iu_info .block {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.iu_info .block:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.iu_info .block figure {
        margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    width: 55px;
    min-width: 55px;
    height: 55px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: rgb(11 97 153);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.iu_info .block img {
    width: 40px;
    height: auto;
}

.iu_info .block div {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.4;
    color: var(--text-body);
}

.iu_info .block div strong {
    font-size: 18px;
    color: var(--primary);
}

.join_info {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--accent));
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    color: #fff;
}

.join_info .title {
    color: #fff;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.join_info h6 {
    font-size: 16px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.join_info p {
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.join_info p span {
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: #ffd700;
}

.join_info .btns {
    background: #fff;
    color: var(--primary);
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border-radius: 6px;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    transition: all 0.3s;
}

.join_info .btns:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
    color: var(--primary);
}

.lp_block {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.lp_block .title {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
}

.lp_block ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.lp_block li {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.lp_block li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.lp_block .btn {
    background: var(--primary-light);
    color: var(--primary);
    font-size: 11px;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    display: inline-block;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.lp_block a:not(.btn) {
    color: var(--text-body);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.5;
    display: block;
}

.lp_block a:not(.btn):hover {
    color: var(--primary);
}

.archive_info {
    background: #fff;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 20px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.archive_info .title {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
}

.archive_info ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.archive_info li {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--border);
}

.archive_info li:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.archive_info a {
    color: var(--text-body);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 13px;
    transition: color 0.3s;
}

.archive_info a:hover {
    color: var(--primary);
}

.simple_link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    color: var(--primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    margin-top: 15px;
    transition: gap 0.3s;
}

.simple_link:hover {
    gap: 10px;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
}

/* Responsive Styles */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
    .publication_sec {
        padding: 40px 0;
    }
    
    .global_title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .submitpaper_info {
        padding: 25px;
        margin-bottom: 30px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .publication_sec {
        padding: 30px 0;
    }

    .publication_sec .left_detail {
        padding-right: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .global_title {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }
    
    .submitpaper_info {
        padding: 20px;
    }
    
    .submitpaper_info h3 {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }
    
    .submitpaper_info p,
    .submitpaper_info li {
        font-size: 14px;
    }
    
    .iu_info .block {
        gap: 10px;
    }
    
    .iu_info .block img {
        width: 32px;
    }
    
    .join_info {
        padding: 20px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .global_title {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .submitpaper_info {
        padding: 15px;
    }
    
    .submitpaper_info h3 {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
}

/*submit paper*/
    /* Page Header Styles */
    .page-header {
        background: linear-gradient(135deg, #2383c2 0%, #0b486e 100%);
        /*padding: 60px 0 40px;*/
        padding: 15px 0 10px;
        position: relative;
        overflow: hidden;
    }
    .page-header::before {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        top: -50%;
        right: -20%;
        width: 500px;
        height: 500px;
        background: rgba(255,255,255,0.03);
        border-radius: 50%;
        pointer-events: none;
    }
    .page-header::after {
        content: '';
        position: absolute;
        bottom: -30%;
        left: -10%;
        width: 400px;
        height: 400px;
        background: rgba(255,255,240,0.02);
        border-radius: 50%;
        pointer-events: none;
    }
    .page-title {
        font-size: 2.5rem;
        font-weight: 700;
        color: white;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }
    .page-breadcrumb {
        color: #e0e7ff;
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }
    .page-breadcrumb a {
        color: #F4A261;
        text-decoration: none;
    }
    .page-breadcrumb a:hover {
        text-decoration: underline;
    }

    /* Form Section Styles */
    .submit-form-section {
        background: #f8fafc;
        padding: 50px 0 80px;
    }
    .form-card {
        background: white;
        border-radius: 32px;
        box-shadow: 0 20px 35px -12px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
        padding: 2rem;
        /*margin-top: -50px;*/
        position: relative;
        z-index: 10;
    }
    .form-header {
        border-bottom: 2px solid #eef2ff;
        padding-bottom: 1rem;
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }
    .section-title {
        font-weight: 700;
        font-size: 1.5rem;
        color: #0B2B5E;
        margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem;
        border-left: 5px solid #F4A261;
        padding-left: 15px;
    }
    .sub-section-title {
        font-weight: 600;
        font-size: 1.2rem;
        color: #2c3e66;
        margin: 1rem 0 0.75rem;
    }
    .btn-add-more {
        background: #f1f5f9;
        border: 1px dashed #94a3b8;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
        padding: 4px 12px;
        border-radius: 50px;
        color: #1e293b;
        transition: 0.2s;
        cursor: pointer;
        display: inline-block;
    }
    .btn-add-more:hover {
        background: #e2e8f0;
        border-color: #F4A261;
    }
    .dynamic-group {
        background: #f9f9ff;
        padding: 12px 15px;
        border-radius: 20px;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
        position: relative;
    }
    .remove-dynamic {
        position: absolute;
        top: 8px;
        right: 12px;
        background: none;
        border: none;
        color: #ef4444;
        font-size: 1rem;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    .file-upload-box {
        background: #f8fafc;
        border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
        border-radius: 20px;
        padding: 12px 18px;
        margin-bottom: 15px;
    }
    .submit-paper-btn {
        background: #0b486e;
        border: none;
        padding: 12px 28px;
        font-weight: 600;
        border-radius: 50px;
        color: white;
        width: 100%;
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }
    .submit-paper-btn:hover {
        background: #2683c0;
        color: #ffffff;
    }
    .required-star {
        color: #e11d48;
    }
    .info-text {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        color: #475569;
    }
    @media (max-width: 768px) {
        .hero-title { font-size: 1.8rem; }
        .form-card { padding: 1.5rem; margin-top: 0; }
    }
    
    /*submit paper*/
    .instruction-wrapper {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

/* Heading */
.instruction-heading {
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #0B2B5E;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    padding-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Box Design */
.instruction-box {
    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 22px 25px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    transition: 0.3s;
}

/* Hover effect (modern touch) */
.instruction-box:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

/* Small boxes */
.small-box {
    background: #f8fafc;
}

/* Text styling */
.instruction-box p {
    font-size: 15px;
    color: #334155;
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

/* List */
.instruction-box ul {
    padding-left: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.instruction-box ul li {
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    font-size: 15px;
    color: #475569;
}

/* WhatsApp highlight */
.whatsapp a {
    color: #16a34a;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.whatsapp a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/*peer-review*/
.submitpaper_info ul,
.submitpaper_info ol {
    list-style: none;
}

/*error*/
.sp-error {
    font-size: 12px;
    color: #dc2626;
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.sp-input-error {
    border-color: #dc2626 !important;
}

/*special issues*/
/* For special issues page - reusing existing classes */
.topic-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
}
.topic-card {
    background: var(--white);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 20px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s;
}
.topic-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.topic-card h5 {
    color: var(--primary);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.topic-card ul {
    padding-left: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}
.topic-card li {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.btn-submit {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--accent));
    color: white;
    padding: 10px 24px;
    border-radius: 40px;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: all 0.3s;
    display: inline-block;
}
.btn-submit:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(26,122,191,0.3);
    color: white;
}
.info-box {
    background: var(--bg-light);
    border-radius: var(--radius);
    padding: 20px;
}

/* ============================================
   FIXED MOBILE DROPDOWN STYLES - ADD THIS AT THE END
   ============================================ */

/* Force proper mobile dropdown behavior */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    /* Override any conflicting styles */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown {
        position: relative;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle {
        cursor: pointer;
        position: relative;
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        align-items: center;
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    /* Custom dropdown arrow */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle::after {
        content: '\f078';
        font-family: 'Font Awesome 6 Free';
        font-weight: 900;
        border: none !important;
        position: absolute;
        right: 20px;
        top: 50%;
        transform: translateY(-50%);
        transition: transform 0.3s ease;
        margin: 0 !important;
        vertical-align: middle;
    }
    
    /* Rotate arrow when open */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle.show::after {
        transform: translateY(-50%) rotate(180deg);
    }
    
    /* Dropdown menu styles */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-menu {
        position: static !important;
        transform: none !important;
        width: 100% !important;
        margin-top: 0 !important;
        border: none !important;
        background-color: #f8f9fa !important;
        border-radius: 0 !important;
        padding: 0;
        display: none;
        float: none;
        box-shadow: none;
    }
    
    /* Show menu when active */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-menu.show {
        display: block !important;
    }
    
    /* Dropdown items */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-item {
        padding: 10px 20px 10px 35px !important;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
        white-space: normal;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-item:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-item:hover {
        background-color: var(--primary-light);
        color: var(--primary);
        padding-left: 40px !important;
    }
    
    /* Nav items spacing */
    #mobileMenu .nav-item {
        border-bottom: 1px solid #e9ecef;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .nav-item:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .nav-link {
        padding: 12px 20px !important;
        font-weight: 500;
    }
    
    /* Remove Bootstrap's default dropdown arrow styling */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle:not(.show)::after {
        display: inline-block !important;
    }
    
    /* Ensure proper stacking */
    .offcanvas-body {
        overflow-y: auto;
    }
    
    /* Nested dropdown menus */
    #mobileMenu .dropdown .dropdown .dropdown-toggle {
        padding-left: 35px !important;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .dropdown .dropdown .dropdown-menu {
        padding-left: 15px;
    }
    
    #mobileMenu .dropdown .dropdown .dropdown-item {
        padding-left: 45px !important;
    }
}

/* Desktop hover dropdown fix */
@media (min-width: 1200px) {
    .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu {
        display: block;
        opacity: 0;
        visibility: hidden;
        transform: translateY(10px);
        transition: all 0.3s ease;
        margin-top: 0;
    }
    
    .dropdown-hover:hover .dropdown-menu {
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
    
    /* Prevent dropdown from closing when hovering */
    .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu:hover {
        opacity: 1;
        visibility: visible;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

/* Offcanvas improvements */
.offcanvas {
    width: 320px !important;
    box-shadow: -5px 0 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.offcanvas-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--accent));
    color: white;
}

.offcanvas-header .btn-close {
    filter: brightness(0) invert(1);
}

.offcanvas-title {
    color: white;
}

.offcanvas-footer {
    padding: 15px;
    background: #f8f9fa;
}

/* Touch device optimizations */
@media (hover: none) and (pointer: coarse) {
    .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu {
        opacity: 1 !important;
        visibility: visible !important;
        transform: none !important;
        display: none;
    }
    
    .dropdown-hover .dropdown-menu.show {
        display: block;
    }
    
    .main-nav .nav-link {
        cursor: pointer;
        -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
    }
}

/* Remove default Bootstrap dropdown arrow in mobile menu */
#mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle::after {
    display: none;
}

/* Add custom arrow via CSS only for mobile */
@media (max-width: 1199px) {
    #mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle::after {
        display: inline-block !important;
    }
}

/* Ensure dropdowns don't overflow */
.dropdown-menu {
    max-height: 80vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
}

/* Smooth transitions */
#mobileMenu .dropdown-menu {
    transition: none;
}

/* Active state styles */
#mobileMenu .dropdown-toggle.show {
    background-color: var(--primary-light);
    color: var(--primary) !important;
}